4/29/2023 0 Comments Cf eg65 drivers![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Diabetes, global cognitive deficit, physical inactivity, and low plasma urate levels in men enter the criteria as new markers. Moreover, apart from prospective studies, evidence from cross-sectional case-control genome-wide association studies is also considered (given their likely lack of confounding and reverse causation), and to account for the effect of multiple low-penetrance genetic variants polygenic risk scores are added to the model. For intermediate strength genetic variants, their age-related penetrance is now incorporated in the calculation of the positive likelihood ratio. New levels of diagnostic certainty for neurogenic and symptomatic orthostatic hypotension have been added, which substantially differ in positive likelihood ratio from the original publication. Negative likelihood ratio remained largely unchanged for all markers. ![]() The positive likelihood ratio notably increase for olfactory loss and decreased for substantia nigra hyperechogenicity. Many of the predictive values (likelihood ratios, LR) remain unchanged. New prospective evidence of predictive values of risk and prodromal markers published since 2015 was reviewed and integrated into the criteria. The MDS Research Criteria for Prodromal PD allow the diagnosis of prodromal Parkinson's disease using an evidence-based conceptual framework, which was designed to be updated as new evidence becomes available. ![]()
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